A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt signed in Washington, DC, on 26 March 1979. It was signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and witnessed by US President Jimmy Carter. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations which began with Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem in 1977, and followed the framework established in the Camp David Accords of 1978, for which Sadat and Begin were awarded that year’s Nobel Peace Prize. According to the treaty, Israel was to withdraw all military and civilian presence from the Sinai Peninsula, returning to the 1949 armistice line. This included the evacuation of a number of Israeli settlements established since 1967, notably the towns of Ofira (Sharm el-Sheikh) and Yamit (near El-Arish). The withdrawal was completed in June 1982. Egypt agreed to the demilitarization of the Sinai Peninsula, except for limited police presence, monitored by the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) created in 1981. In addition, diplomatic and trade relations were established between the two countries.

An agreement between Egypt and Israel that was signed in Geneva, Switzerland, on 4 September 1975, subsequent to the Disengagement Agreement of 18 January 1974. In addition to further redeployment of their armed forces, the two countries resolved “not to resort to the threat or use of force or military blockade against each other”, to observe the ceasefire ending the 1973 War, and to pursue a peace settlement based on UN Security Council Resolution 338. The day before it was signed, the agreement was approved by the Knesset with a vote of 70 For, 43 Against, 7 Abstaining.

An agreement between Israel and Egypt facilitating withdrawals by both countries’ armed forces following the 1973 War, signed on 18 January 1974 on the 101km marker of the Cairo-Suez road. It involved the redeployment of Egyptian forces west of the Suez Canal, and Israeli forces east of it, with a buffer zone on both sides of the canal monitored by the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF). The agreement, signed by the chiefs of staff of both armies, was specifically mentioned not to be a “final peace agreement”, but the first step towards peace. A similar agreement was signed between Israel and Syria on 31 May 1974.

A modus vivendi, or provisional understanding, signed between Israel and Egypt on 22 February 1950, and meant to complement the 1949 Israel-Egypt Armistice Agreement. In the interest of reducing tensions along the border between Israel and the Gaza Strip, the understanding establishes three zones, one on the Israeli and two on the Egyptian side of the armistice line, and limits the amount and armament of military personnel in these zones. The agreement also provided for limited territorial exchange, with Egypt receiving additional territory at the intersection of the Israel-Gaza Strip-Egypt borders, while Israel was compensated with a strip of territory along the northeastern border of the Gaza Strip.

Reference map of Arab localities that were under Jordanian control at the conclusion of the 1948 War, but subsequently transferred to Israel under the terms of the 1949 armistice agreement between the two countries. In return, Israel transferred control of Arab localities in the Hebron area. The areas in question, known as Wadi Ara and the Little Triangle, contain a large portion of Israel's Arab population.

A draft plan for a unilateral Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and most of the West Bank, with the goal of determining the final borders of the country independently of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. The document was published by the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem in August 2002, and based on research work by a team led by retired IDF general Uri Sagi and former negotiator Gilead Sher. The proposal suggests a two-phase process whose goal is to promote a permanent settlement to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict along the lines of US President George Bush’s Vision for Peace. The first phase, with a time frame of 18 months, would entail the completion of the West Bank Separation Barrier and the evacuation of a small number of Israeli settlements. The second phase, put into operation in case the first phase didn’t lead to successful bilateral negotiations, would involve the relocation of all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip, as well as West Bank settlements outside the large settlement blocs, to Israel, while introducing an international force into the evacuated territories.

A war between Israel on the one hand, and the PLO and Syria on the other, which broke out on 5 June 1982. The war began as a limited Israeli operation (Operation Peace for Galilee) against PLO strongholds in southern Lebanon, following sustained attacks against civilians in the north of Israel, as well as the attempted assassination of the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli operations were extended as it became embroiled in the ongoing Lebanese Civil War, and Israel eventually occupied large parts of Lebanon, including western Beirut. In what became known as the Sabra and Shatila Massacre, Christian militias attacked two Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut, killing hundreds to thousands of civilians. Under intense Israeli pressure, the PLO leadership relocated from Beirut to Tunis in 1982. In 1983, a non-belligerency treaty was signed between Israel and the Christian-backed Lebanese government, but it was cancelled the following year. By 1985, Israel gradually withdrew its forces from most of Lebanon, forming the South Lebanon Security Zone. Low-intensity warfare between Israel, the Israeli-allied militia South Lebanon Army and Hezbollah continued until Israel's complete withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, thereby implementing UNSC Resolution 425 of 1978.

Reference map of roads used by Israelis in the West Bank.

Reference map of landing strips at Ben-Gurion International Airport, the primary gateway for international air traffic in and out of Israel. Located only a few kilometers away from the 1967 lines, the security of this airport is considered by Israel to be a vital component of security arrangements in a future Israeli-Palestinian settlement.

A map of the “Little Triangle”, an area containing Arab localities that was under Jordanian control at the conclusion of the 1948 War, but was ceded to Israel as part of the 1949 Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement.